Structures of membrane proteins have proven difficult to obtain using X-ray crystallography. To address this issue, we are using neutron reflectometry, small-angle neutron scattering, surface plasmon resonance, and electrophysiology to determine the structure, function, and mechanism of assembly of membrane proteins. Current molecules of interest include, but are not limited to, bacterial toxins that are biowarfare agents (e.g., anthrax, clostridium).