Funder: U.S. National Science Foundation

Due Dates: Proposals accepted anytime

Funding Amounts: ~$100M total annually; typical awards vary in size and duration (usually 3–5 years)

Summary: Supports fundamental research advancing mechanistic understanding of molecular and cellular systems, emphasizing integrative, quantitative, and innovative approaches.

Key Information: Proposals with a focus on human disease mechanisms, diagnosis, or treatment will not be considered.