Better understanding and attribution of land and ocean carbon sources and sinks supports research consortia studying carbon fluxes to improve climate models, mitigation assessments and emissions estimates.
A stronger Global Ocean Observing System to enhance Europe’s strategic autonomy, climate resilience and biodiversity conservation funds ocean teams’ observing networks for climate and biodiversity knowledge.
Unlocking a safe operating space for Antarctica and the Southern Ocean supports research teams studying polar climate, ice and ecosystems to improve projections and inform conservation and governance.
Palaeoclimate science for a better understanding of Earth system dynamics supports research teams studying past climates through records, reconstructions and modelling to improve future climate scenarios.
Carbon farming innovation and scale-up supports international consortia developing models, methods and data to make EU carbon farming certification more accessible, cost-effective and scalable.
Sustainability and resilience of climate projections and related data records for European and global science and policy supports climate data teams coordinating open observations and projections for science and policy.